Ambroxol 30 mg tablet
- breaks up phlegm
- reduces mucus
- and mucus related respiratory diseases
- including Covid-19
- Parkinsonism, nerve damage, tremors
- Dementia, reduced blood flow through neck region to brain
- Weak or Swollen bones - Paget's disease
- rebuilds pelvis, skull, spine and legs
- Common diseases of aging
- House cleans expired cells
- reverses dysfunction of autophagy
- autophagy - automatic cleansing of wornout cells
- Ambroxol is often administered as an active ingredient in cough syrup
- Patented in 1966, medically used in 1979, patents expired before benefits realized
Pathway of action
- reduces mucus thickening by blocking calcium
- improves mucus thinning by enhancing sodium infiltration
Side effects
- dieoff of germs (Herx)
- reduction of pain (analgesic)
Global legal status
- over the counter (OTC)
Effect
- pain relief in acute sore throat
- the hallmark of acute pharyngitis
- Sore throat is usually caused by a viral infection
-------------------- PubMed indexed PMID: 32995775
bioRxiv.
Sep 14, 2020.
Ambroxol Hydrochloride Inhibits the Interaction between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [Covid-19] Spike Protein's Receptor Binding Domain and Recombinant Human ACE2
Omonike A Olaleye, Manvir Kaur, Collins C Onyenaka
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), enters the host cells through two main pathways, both involving key interactions between viral envelope-anchored spike glycoprotein of the novel coronavirus and the host receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). To date, SARS-CoV-2 has infected up to 26 million people worldwide; yet, there is no clinically approved drug or vaccine available. Therefore, a rapid and coordinated effort to re-purpose clinically approved drugs that prevent or disrupt these critical entry pathways of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein interaction with human ACE2, could potentially accelerate the identification and clinical advancement of prophylactic and/or treatment options against COVID-19, thus providing possible countermeasures against viral entry, pathogenesis and survival. Herein, we discovered that Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), and its progenitor, Bromhexine hydrochloride (BHH), both clinically approved drugs are potent effective modulators of the key interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2. We also found that both compounds inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced cytopathic effect at micromolar concentrations. Therefore, in addition to the known TMPRSS2 activity of BHH; we report for the first time that the BHH and AMB pharmacophore has the capacity to target and modulate yet another key protein-protein interaction essential for the two known SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways into host cells. Altogether, the potent efficacy, excellent safety and pharmacologic profile of both drugs along with their affordability and availability, makes them promising candidates for drug repurposing as possible prophylactic and/or treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
-------------------- PubMed indexed PMID: 30738426
BMC Neurol
Feb 9, 2019
Ambroxol as a novel disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson's disease dementia: protocol for a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
C R A Silveira, J MacKinley, K Coleman, Z Li, E Finger, R Bartha, S A Morrow, J Wells, M Borrie, R G Tirona, C A Rupar, G Zou, R A Hegele, D Mahuran, P MacDonald, M E Jenkins, M Jog, S H Pasternak
Free PMC article
Abstract
Background: Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), a condition linked to aggregation of the protein α-synuclein in subcortical and cortical brain areas. One of the leading genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease is being a carrier in the gene for β-Glucocerebrosidase (GCase; gene name GBA1). Studies in cell culture and animal models have shown that raising the levels of GCase can decrease levels of α-synuclein. Ambroxol is a pharmacological chaperone for GCase and is able to raise the levels of GCase and could therefore be a disease-modifying treatment for PDD. The aims of this trial are to determine if Ambroxol is safe and well-tolerated by individuals with PDD and if Ambroxol affects cognitive, biochemical, and neuroimaging measures.
[Do NOT take the doses used in this study unless you have professional guidance.]
Methods: This is a phase II, single-centre, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial involving 75 individuals with mild to moderate PDD. Participants will be randomized into Ambroxol high-dose (1050 mg/day), low-dose (525 mg/day), or placebo treatment arms. Assessments will be undertaken at baseline, 6-months, and 12-months follow up times. Primary outcome measures will be the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and the ADCS Clinician's Global Impression of Change (CGIC). Secondary measures will include the Parkinson's disease Cognitive Rating Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale, Purdue Pegboard, Timed Up and Go, and gait kinematics. Markers of neurodegeneration will include MRI and CSF measures. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Ambroxol will be examined through plasma levels during dose titration phase and evaluation of GCase activity in lymphocytes.
[Note: Dose titration means to slowly increase one small amount each time. Start with ONLY one 30 mg/day tablet and titre up gradually. Seek adivice]
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Global legal status
- over the counter (OTC)
Mexico, Canada, USA, not approved by the FDA
- why?
- off patent, generic, hence no company willing to spend the 100m to atain FDA approval
- a tinitis patent has been applied for which the patent holder may invest the money for FDA approval...for tinitis (ringing in the ears)